The Most In-Demand Programming Languages in 2022

Introduction

Usually, when we want to start learning to program, the first question that will cross our minds is which is the best programming language to learn. It is important to know right from the start that there is no “perfect” programming language. Each programming language has its application for different areas, which means that choosing the best programming language for you depends on many factors.

Below we will go through the most in-demand programming languages in 2022.

1. Python

Python is the most wanted programming language in the tech industry. The reason for this is that it is a very versatile language. Python empowers developers to use different programming styles like functional, object-oriented, reflective programming, etc. It can be used for machine learning, web development, big data, and even app development. Python is very simple and ideal for beginners. However, its biggest advantage is in libraries. It is possible to find a Python library for almost any task.

Python is most often used for:

• Data Science
• Back-end Development
• App Development

If you are starting programming and are interested in some of these areas Python could be a good choice for you.

2. JavaScript

JavaScript is currently the most popular language in the world and the most sought after by hiring managers. This is not a coincidence, the reason for this is that this language is used by all browsers and there is no steep learning curve. Due to its popularity, there are many learning resources such as programming communities, courses, guides, and support from more experienced developers. JavaScript is used to manage the behavior of the website so that any interaction with the website takes place via JavaScript.

Most large companies use JavaScript frameworks such as React, Angular, Vue for front-end, and Node.js JavaScript runtime for back-end.

In addition to JavaScript, TypeScript is often mentioned. TypeScript is JavaScript with additional functionality, we can say that it is a superset of JavaScript that adds static typing and other features. In other words, it makes JavaScript code cleaner, more correct, and more secure.

JavaScript is most often used for:

• Web Development
• Web Servers
• Game Development
• Mobile Applications
• Microservices

If you are interested in some of these areas and have a basic programming background, JavaScript and TypeScript may be good choices for you.

3. Java

Java is an object-oriented programming language that has long been number one and is used by more than 3 billion devices. Today it is also one of the top 5 programming languages. Its popularity is not accidental, Java is one of the most powerful programming languages and is used for almost everything, desktop applications, web development, mobile applications, AI, cloud applications, and many others. It has incredible security and can handle huge amounts of data making it ideal for the financial sector. Java is a versatile programming language and is therefore attractive to beginners. Also, once written, the application will work on any operating system.

If you’ve researched the Java programming language, you’ve probably heard of Kotlin. It is a cross-platform programming language and is used for application development, but its priority is currently android applications. It is developing very fast and is currently more popular than Java when it comes to android applications.

Java is most often used for:

• E-Commerce
• Finance
• Application Development

Java has always been a great programming language that enables high salaries, great opportunities, good progress, and a lot of work. If you are interested in one of these areas, Java could be your right choice. However, if your goal is to make android applications, Kotlin may be a better choice right now.

4. C#

C# is an object-oriented programming language that is an improved version of the C++ programming language. It runs on the .NET framework developed by Microsoft. In addition to the fact that this programming language is in demand, it also has a huge community that helps those who are learning C#. Since this is a 2000 programming language it certainly has better support and documentation for learning than some newer programming languages.

C# is ideal for creating desktop applications and games. Many of the most popular mobile games are made in C#. This programming language is in great demand on a global level.

In addition to the C# programming language, there are C and C++ that are also widely used.

C is most commonly used in game engines, core AI engines, operating systems when as much power and efficiency as possible is required. C is a procedural programming language and does not have object-oriented capabilities.

C++ is C with the ability to write object-oriented code. C and C++ are low-level programming languages which means they run closer to the CPU, so running code is super fast. However, writing code is longer and more complex and is therefore only used for performance-critical applications that rely on speed and efficient memory management.

C# is most often used for:

• Game Development
• Desktop / Web / Mobile Applications
• Virtual Reality (VR)

If you are interested in some of these areas and have a desire to learn to program, C# is a well-designed programming language that can give you an amazing career in 2022. Also, if you opt for C or C++ you will not go wrong. C# is currently more popular because it is easier to learn and a more modern programming language. C# is a Microsoft version of the Java programming language.

5. PHP

PHP was primarily developed as a template language that was later refined to be a complete programming language. Due to that, PHP had certain shortcomings, based on which it had a bad reputation for some time. However, PHP is the most popular server-side programming language in the world for creating web applications. All those flaws that PHP had were solved a long time ago. Large projects such as Facebook, WordPress, Wikipedia, and many others have been developed in PHP. This programming language is scalable and very fast, even faster than Python, and good in CPU usage. PHP has always been in the top 10 programming languages so that will not change for sure.

PHP is most often used for:

• Web Servers

If you are interested in web development but more back-end than front-end, PHP could be a great choice to learn to program. Also, if you already have some prior knowledge of JavaScript, you can choose Node.js to shorten the path.

6. R

R is a cross-platform programming language for statistical and graphic programming that has great support and is rapidly evolving. As more and more data is used in any business the need for data analysts is great. The R programming language plays a major role in data analysis. Companies of all sizes of any industry use it to extract insights from the large amount of daily data they generate. Statisticians and data miners also use it for data analysis. R is also popular in academic education, scientists and researchers use it to analyze the results of experiments.

R is most often used for:

• Statistical Inference
• Data Analysis
• Machine Learning

Currently, there is a great shortage of people in this domain, by learning this language you can secure a great career.

7. Swift

Swift is a general-purpose programming language developed by Apple. It is used to create applications for iOS, macOS, watchOS, and many others. Due to the closed Apple ecosystem, its popularity is not pronounced, but Swift is considered a top-level programming language. Swift is efficient, easy to use, and very fast. Apple used to use Objective C, and Swift is slowly becoming a replacement for Objective C. Does that mean that Objective C is dead? Of course not, both Apple’s main macOS and iOS platforms rely on Objective C.

Swift is most often used for:

• iOS Applications
• macOS Desktop Applications
• Apple Watch Development
• Apple TV Development

If you are a fan of Apple products and want to enter their ecosystem then Swift is the best choice for you.

Conclusion

If we learn a programming language well, does that mean that we will use that programming language at work tomorrow?

We have previously stated that choosing the best programming language for you depends on many factors. Let’s see what these factors are.

In what area is this programming language used and what is its purpose?

When we talk about areas of interest, of course, we mean IT areas. So, it is important to know what our area of interest is and to look for a job in that area. Choosing the right area narrows the choice of programming languages.

What are the market demands?

Market demands dictate company demands. This means that the choice of the programming language will always depend on the requirements of the company, so it does not necessarily mean that you will use the programming language at work that you have learned.

What if I choose one programming language and later that language is not popular or is not required by the company?

This is something that happens often, especially today as programming is evolving very fast and needs to be constantly learned. New technologies are constantly coming out which means you’ll have to learn new technologies at work tomorrow that you may not have learned by now and that’s normal.

What you need to understand is that while learning to program you are not just learning a programming language but developing a special way of thinking. The essence is to develop a special way of thinking and learn the basics of programming in any programming language, it is certainly better to choose one of the most popular in your area of interest.

So, don’t be afraid when choosing a programming language, even if you make a mistake, you have gained experience that you can easily transfer to another programming language in that field later.

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Different Types of Software Testing – Part 2

Introduction

In the first part, we explained several types of software testing. In this part, we will continue to briefly explain what other types of software testing exist and what they do.

9. Performance testing

As the name suggests, this is a type of software application testing that focuses on testing speed, stability, reliability, and scalability under a specific load.

The goal of this test is to estimate what the output of the application will be. What will be the data transfer speed, network bandwidth usage, how many application users will be able to serve without breaking, how much memory will be used, or how long will be the response time to commands.

10. Regression testing

Regression testing is a type of testing that checks to see if new code changes will break an application and if the application will use too many resources. Regression testing is nothing more than repeating tests that have already been run, either all or specially selected to make sure that the current functionalities are working properly.

11. Sanity testing

This type of testing is usually performed after bug fixes. Checks if all bugs are fixed and if there are any other problems. If the sanity test fails, the build is rejected to save time. Sanity testing is a subset of regression testing.

12. Security testing

Tests for software or application vulnerabilities. The goal of this type of testing is to find potential omissions and weaknesses that could lead to data loss or leaks of sensitive data outside the company.

Security testing not only helps to check system or application vulnerabilities but also helps developers find certain problems and fix them through code.

13. Single user performance testing

Also called client-side performance testing. Evaluates Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) on the client-side such as response time. It takes into account all factors that may affect the end-user experience at all levels including client devices.

14. Smoke testing

This type of testing focuses on the stability of the software application. Checks that all critical program functions are working properly.

Smoke testing is performed post software build, before any functional or regression tests. The goal of smoke testing is to reject software applications with malfunctions so that the QA team would not waste time testing faulty software applications.

15. Stress testing

The operation of the application is tested under conditions that are significantly more difficult compared to the normal operating conditions of the application. The goal of this type of testing is to measure the robustness and error handling capabilities of the software. It is also called endurance testing.

16. Unit testing

This type of testing checks smaller pieces of code to determine if parts of the program are working properly.

Unit tests are usually automated tests written and run by software developers to make sure that a certain part of the application (unit) meets expectations. A unit can be a complete module, but it is usually an individual function or procedure. In object-oriented programming (OOP), the unit is usually the entire interface.

17. White-box testing

It is also called clear box testing, open box testing, transparent box testing, code-based testing, and glass box testing because the code is visible to testers. Internal structure and design are tested to check the flow of input-output data and improve design, security, and usability.

Software testing allows you to identify bugs and errors on time, before the delivery of the software product, which is why it is very important. Properly tested software product ensures reliability, security, and high performance as well as customer satisfaction.

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Different Types of Software Testing – Part 1

Introduction

As applications become more complex, there is a growing need for better software testing. Software testing is a method where it is determined whether the product (software, application) meets all the expected requirements of the client without any errors. The goal of testing is to identify and eliminate bugs in time and correct omissions before the application is officially launched.

Below we will briefly explain the different types of software testing.

1. Accessibility testing

This type of testing is extremely important and is used to test mobile and web applications to determine whether these applications are useful for users without and with disabilities.

Persons with disabilities in this situation are considered to be persons who have:

• Visual impairment or color blind
• Hearing damage
• Cognitive disability
• Literacy disability
• Physical disability

2. Acceptance testing

Acceptance testing or as it is also called User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is a type of testing performed by the end-user or client to verify that the application is fully ready and that all requirements are met.

3. Black box testing

Black box or behavioral testing is a type of testing that primarily focuses on application inputs and outputs. Testing is performed without knowledge of internal code implementation. Black box testing refers to any type of software test that tests an application without knowing the internal design, structure, or implementation of the software project.

4. End to end testing

This type of testing tests application workflow from start to finish. The goal is to check if the application works as expected. The real user scenario is simulated and tested by the end-user or client. Because today’s software systems are complex and interconnected with various other subsystems, if one subsystem does not work, the complete system will not work. For this reason, end-to-end testing is performed.

5. Functional testing

This type of testing refers to checking an application, website, or system to see if they are doing what they are supposed to do. QA determines whether a particular piece of software behaves according to predefined requirements. Functional testing uses black-box testing techniques.

6. Interactive testing

Also called manual testing. This type of testing allows testers to create and facilitate manual tests for those who do not use automation and collect external test results.

7. Integration testing

This type of testing ensures that the complete integrated system meets all requirements. It is maintained in an integrated hardware and software environment to ensure that the complete system works properly.

8. Non functional testing

This type of testing refers to checking non-functional aspects, such as performance, usability, and reliability of software applications.

We have divided this post into two parts and in the next post, we will explain what other types of software testing exist. Stay tunned.

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Code Review Tools for Developers

Code review is a part of the software development process which involves testing the source code to identify bugs at an early stage. A code review process is typically conducted before merging with the codebase.

In this blog, we’ll explain what code review is and explore popular code review tools that help organizations with the code review process.

What Is the Code Review Process?

The primary goal of the code review process is to assess any new code for bugs, errors, and quality standards set by the organization. An intangible benefit of the code review process is the collective team’s improved coding skills.

If you would like to initiate a code review process in your organization, you should first decide who would review the code. If you belong to a small team, you may assign team leads to review all code. In a larger team size with multiple reviewers, you could enable a process in which every code review is assigned to an experienced developer based on their workload.

The next consideration for you is to decide on timelines, rounds, and minimal requirements for submitting code review requests.

The final consideration is about how feedback should be given in the code review process. Make sure you highlight the positive aspects of the code while suggesting alternatives for drawbacks.

Your feedback should be constructive enough to encourage the developer to understand your perspective and initiate a conversation when necessary.

Why Is Code Review Critical?

Code review is critical for the following reasons:

· Ensure that you have no bugs in code.

· Minimize your chances of having issues.

· Confirm new code adheres to guidelines.

· Increase the efficiency of new code.

How to Perform a Code Review?

There are four ways to conduct code reviews.

1. Over-the-Shoulder Code Reviews

Over-the-shoulder code reviews are done on the developer’s workstation, where an experienced team member walks through the new code, providing suggestions through a conversation. It is the easiest approach to code reviews and does not require a pre-defined structure.

Over-the-shoulder code reviews were traditionally done in person, while distributed teams can follow this method through collaborative tools as well.

2. Email Pass-Around

In this code review process, a developer emails a diff of changes to the whole development team, usually through version control systems that automate notifications. This email initiates a conversation on the changes, where team members may request further changes, point out errors, or ask for clarifications.

3. Pair programming

Pair programming is a continuous code review process. Two developers sit at a workstation, but only one of them actively codes whereas the other provides real-time feedback.

While it may serve as a great tool to inspect new code and train developers, it could potentially prove to be inefficient due to its time-consuming nature. This process locks down the reviewer from doing any other productive work during the period.

4. Tool-Assisted

A tool-assisted code review process involves the use of a specialized tool to facilitate the process of code review. A tool generally helps you with the following tasks:

· Organize and display the updated files in a change.

· Facilitate a conversation between reviewers and developers.

· Assess the efficacy of the code review process with metrics.

A Closer Look at 12 Powerful Code Review Tools

There are the most popular static code review tools.

1. Review Board

2. Crucible

3. GitHub

4. Phabricator

5. Collaborator

6. CodeScene

7. Visual Expert

8. Gerrit

9. Rhodecode

10. Veracode

11. Reviewable

12. Peer Review for Trac

SUMMARY

The code review process plays a key role when it comes to boosting the efficiency of your organization. Specifically, taking advantage of the right code review tool is what helps you to remove redundancy in your development cycle.

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How CIOs can achieve work-life balance and avoid burnout 

CIOs are struggling for work-life balance now more than ever, but it’s harder than it sounds. 

Work-life balance, the loose principle through which you evenly split your time and focus between work and personal activities, benefits individuals and corporations in equal measure. 

A healthy work-life balance can improve health, productivity, job retention and turnover, and in-turn stave off emotional burnout, say experienced CIOs. And yet, attaining a healthy equilibrium between personal life and career work has seemed further out of reach than ever. 

The economic and social fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic has afforded CIOs more opportunity and accountability in the boardroom, and put additional pressure on project delivery teams to expedite multiyear digital transformation programs. Business expectations for IT teams have subsequently blossomed, but this in itself represents something of a double-edged sword. 

Working in isolation while leading teams 

Other CIOs expressed difficulties in working in isolation, pointing to the lack of human contact, the transactional nature of videoconferencing and yet the same pressure to lead, motivate and support teams as well as an ecosystem of partners. For some, fighting the itch to do more has been difficult, even during downtime.  

To achieve work-life balance, set priorities 

Work-life balance can be achieved through delegation and prioritization, as well as setting clear boundaries and taking breaks, CIOs say. But it is also about having a clear idea of what you want to achieve. 

The balance has been about setting an end time in the evening, blocking out time in the day to get away from the desk and making time for informal conversations with team members. 

How to create work-life balance for your team 

These conversations can be part of something bigger. Building trust, transparency and empowerment within teams can help all parties. Somebody goes one step further by suggesting that rewards for a job well done can bring about a healthy work-life balance for all staff. 

NextHealth’s James, who recently became the first male employee at the company to take paid parental leave, says this goes back to the “softer” skills required by CIOs today, such as empathy and flexibility, which can in turn lead to improved talent retention. 

“People are more than just their jobs and the pandemic is forcing many companies to come to grips with that,” James says. “Many workers are pushing for roles that allow them to have greater flexibility in their careers and the companies that embrace that will retain and attract the greatest talent.” 

The work-life balance is ultimately about being smart. “A more balanced life is not just helpful — it’s essential to reaching your full potential. Not only is being happier just as important as being successful, being happier and more balanced actually leads to greater levels of success.” 

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